The Libero
FIVB · 2025–2028The defensive specialist’s restrictions, replacements and re-designation.
Rule 19 — Role and playing restrictions
A team may list up to 2 Liberos, but only one can be on court. FIVB, World and Official senior competitions require 2 if more than 12 players are listed. Their numbered uniform must clearly contrast with the rest of the team. The Libero replaces a back-row player and cannot serve, block or attempt to block. They cannot complete an attack from anywhere if the ball is entirely above the net at contact. If a Libero uses an overhand finger pass in the front zone or its extension, a teammate cannot complete an attack on that ball entirely above the net. The same pass from outside that zone has no such restriction.
Rule 19 — Replacements and a new Libero
Libero replacements are unlimited and do not count as substitutions. Normally a completed rally must separate them; exceptions cover an enforced rotation after a penalty or an acting Libero becoming unable to play. Entry and exit use the Libero replacement zone while the ball is out and before the service whistle; at a set’s start, wait for the line-up check. Only the regular replacement player or the other Libero may replace the acting Libero. A first late replacement before the service hit brings a reminder after the rally; repetition immediately triggers a delay sanction. An illegal replacement is treated like an illegal substitution. If only one Libero remains available and cannot continue or is declared unable, an eligible player off court, excluding the regular replacement player, may be re-designated. The replaced Libero cannot return that match. If another Libero is still available, use that player before re-designating; further re-designation is possible if needed.
Sources & approach ↗