American football / Rule 15

Instant replay

NFL · 2026
In short

Coach challenges, automatic reviews and clear video evidence.

On this pageCoach challengesOfficial reviews

Coach challenges

Each team begins with 2 challenges and needs an available timeout to challenge. An unsuccessful challenge costs a timeout; success on at least one of the initial challenges earns a third, with no fourth allowed. The red flag must be thrown before the next legal snap or kick, and coaches cannot challenge situations reserved for replay officials.

Official reviews

After the two-minute warning of either half, throughout overtime, and for specified events such as scores and turnovers, review initiation belongs to replay officials. An on-field ruling changes only with clear and obvious video evidence. Not every judgment call is reviewable; replay assistance has defined powers to correct objective information and certain clearly unsupported foul calls.

Independent explanations and translations, not official federation publications. Independent summaries of the supplied NFL 2026 rulebook; NCAA and IFAF rules may differ. The comparison covers standard 15-a-side rugby union.
Sources & approach ↗
American football versus rugby